{"id":15348,"date":"2015-03-22T18:02:21","date_gmt":"2015-03-22T17:02:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.siemysli.info.ke\/?p=15348"},"modified":"2015-03-22T18:02:21","modified_gmt":"2015-03-22T17:02:21","slug":"etyka-niezalezna-wedlug-ericha-fromma-michela-onfraya-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/de\/etyka-niezalezna-wedlug-ericha-fromma-michela-onfraya-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Etyka niezale\u017cna wed\u0142ug Ericha Fromma i Michela Onfray\u2019a (5)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.siemysli.info.ke\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/The-Sane-Society.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[15348]\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-15349\" src=\"http:\/\/www.siemysli.info.ke\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/The-Sane-Society-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"The Sane Society\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/The-Sane-Society-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/The-Sane-Society.jpg 231w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><strong>1.4. Rozumienie Boga<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rozwa\u017caj\u0105c uczucie ludzkiej mi\u0142o\u015bci do Boga, Fromm przedstawia cz\u0142owieka jako bezradnego podopiecznego &#8211; najpierw matki Ziemi, p\u00f3\u017aniej dzielnego syna Boga Ojca. Ten proces przebiega analogicznie do procesu rozwijania si\u0119 dziecka. Pami\u0119tamy, \u017ce ojciec przekazuje dziecku pewne warto\u015bci i umiej\u0119tno\u015bci, kt\u00f3re mo\u017ce ono wykorzysta\u0107 w \u017cyciu. Wiemy, i\u017c ten dar od ojca mo\u017ce by\u0107 przez dziecko przyswojony i opanowany. Jest pewne, \u017ce wielu ludzi do dzisiaj pozostaje w stanie niemowl\u0119ctwa,\u201ei st\u0105d wiara w Boga jest dla nich wiar\u0105 w \u015bpiesz\u0105cego z pomoc\u0105 ojca, dziecinnym z\u0142udzeniem.\u201d [1] Licz\u0105 na wsparcie Boga, kt\u00f3ry stanowi dla nich prawd\u0119, mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107 i sprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107. Je\u017celi dla cz\u0142owieka B\u00f3g pozostaje jedynie symbolem cn\u00f3t i potrafi on my\u015ble\u0107 \u201ezgodnie z zasadami- tej &#8211; prawdy, \u017cyje zgodnie z zasadami mi\u0142o\u015bci i sprawiedliwo\u015bci<strong> &#8211; <\/strong>to &#8211; uwa\u017ca, \u017ce ca\u0142e jego \u017cycie posiada warto\u015b\u0107 jedynie o tyle, o ile daje mu ono szans\u0119 coraz pe\u0142niejszego rozwijania ludzkich mo\u017cliwo\u015bci jako jedynej rzeczywisto\u015bci, kt\u00f3ra si\u0119 liczy (\u2026)\u201d. [2]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fromm przyznaje si\u0119 do tego, \u017ce osobi\u015bcie nie rozumuje kategoriami poj\u0119\u0107 teistycznych, a poj\u0119cie Boga, jest dla niego poj\u0119ciem historycznie uwarunkowanym, w kt\u00f3rym cz\u0142owiek w danym okresie wyrazi\u0142 wiar\u0119 w swoje rosn\u0105ce si\u0142y, t\u0119sknot\u0119 za prawd\u0105, za zespoleniem. We wszystkich systemach teistycznych zak\u0142ada si\u0119 istnienie nadaj\u0105cej sens \u017cyciu ludzkiemu i g\u00f3ruj\u0105cej nad cz\u0142owiekiem dziedziny ducha. W systemach nie-teistycznych (ateistycznych) cz\u0142owiek pozostaje niezale\u017cny od wszelakich sankcji religijnych i metafizycznych. \u201eSfera ducha nie istnieje ani poza cz\u0142owiekiem, ani nad nim. <strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Zamiast sfery ducha istnieje &#8211; sfera mi\u0142o\u015bci, rozumu i sprawiedliwo\u015bci, (\u2026) jako co\u015b rzeczywistego jedynie dlatego i tylko o tyle, o ile cz\u0142owiekpotrafi\u0142 rozwin\u0105\u0107 w sobiete si\u0142y w procesie swojej ewolucji.\u201d [3] \u017bycie wobec tego, ma jedynie takie znaczenie, jakie nadaje mu sam cz\u0142owiek. B\u0119d\u0105c niezale\u017cnym, cz\u0142owiek staje si\u0119 ca\u0142kowicie samotnym. <strong>Samotno\u015b\u0107 t\u0119 mo\u017ce przezwyci\u0119\u017cy\u0107 tylko o tyle, o ile pomaga drugiemu cz\u0142owiekowi. <\/strong>W tym sensie ludzie dochodz\u0105 do porozumienia mi\u0119dzy sob\u0105. Fromm wierzy, \u017ce \u201ekonsekwencje \u015bcis\u0142ego monoteizmu i nie-teistycznego, bezwarunkowego zaanga\u017cowania to dwa pogl\u0105dy, kt\u00f3re aczkolwiek r\u00f3\u017cne, nie musz\u0105 si\u0119 wzajemnie zwalcza\u0107.\u201d [4]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nale\u017cy jednak zda\u0107 sobie spraw\u0119 z tego, \u017ce ludzie uznaj\u0105cy \u201esfer\u0119 ducha\u201d za \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o norm moralnych i zaanga\u017cowani w sfer\u0119 \u017cycia racjonalnego atei\u015bci &#8211; d\u0105\u017c\u0105 do wzajemnej pomocy w odkryciu \u201etajemnicy cz\u0142owieka\u201d, r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105cego si\u0119 od nich. Nak\u0142anianie do uznania \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 w\u0142asnych warto\u015bci i pouczanie drugiego cz\u0142owieka nie maj\u0105 jednakowej wagi w aspekcie zastosowania w rzeczywisto\u015bci. Je\u017celi za\u015b celem wiary religijnej (tak jak celem wiary w ludzkie mo\u017cliwo\u015bci i si\u0142y) jest w\u0142a\u015bciwe dzia\u0142anie wobec stosowanych, respektowanych przez wsp\u00f3lnot\u0119 norm &#8211; to tak ludzie, wyznaj\u0105cy wiar\u0119 irracjonaln\u0105 jak po cz\u0119\u015bci te\u017c i ludzie wyznaj\u0105cy racjonaln\u0105 wiar\u0119 \u2013 maj\u0105, ka\u017cdy z nich, szans\u0119 rozwoju. Wiemy, \u017ce gdy cz\u0142owiek przyswoi\u0142 sobie ju\u017c elementy mi\u0142o\u015bci i sprawiedliwo\u015bci, doszed\u0142 wreszcie do momentu, w kt\u00f3rym odwa\u017ca si\u0119 m\u00f3wi\u0107 o Bogu jedynie w poetyckim, symbolicznym sensie. <strong>(cdn.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Ala Baster<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Przypisy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] Fromm E., <em>O sztuce mi\u0142o\u015bci, <\/em>t\u0142um. z ang. A. Bogda\u0144ski, Sagittarius 1996, \u00a0s. 65.<\/p>\n<p>[2] Tam\u017ce.<\/p>\n<p>[3] Tam\u017ce, s. 66.<\/p>\n<p>[4] Tam\u017ce.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1.4. Rozumienie Boga Rozwa\u017caj\u0105c uczucie ludzkiej mi\u0142o\u015bci do Boga, Fromm przedstawia cz\u0142owieka jako bezradnego podopiecznego &#8211; najpierw matki Ziemi, p\u00f3\u017aniej<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15349,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4],"tags":[1933,89,2281,1927,92,1179,2282],"class_list":["post-15348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura","category-nauka","tag-ala-baster","tag-breaking","tag-ericha-fromma","tag-etyka-niezalezna","tag-headline","tag-michel-onfray","tag-rozumienie-boga"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Etyka niezale\u017cna wed\u0142ug Ericha Fromma i Michela Onfray\u2019a (5) - SI\u0118 MY\u015aLI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/de\/etyka-niezalezna-wedlug-ericha-fromma-michela-onfraya-5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Etyka niezale\u017cna wed\u0142ug Ericha Fromma i Michela Onfray\u2019a (5) - SI\u0118 MY\u015aLI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1.4. Rozumienie Boga Rozwa\u017caj\u0105c uczucie ludzkiej mi\u0142o\u015bci do Boga, Fromm przedstawia cz\u0142owieka jako bezradnego podopiecznego &#8211; najpierw matki Ziemi, p\u00f3\u017aniej\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/de\/etyka-niezalezna-wedlug-ericha-fromma-michela-onfraya-5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SI\u0118 MY\u015aLI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-03-22T17:02:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/The-Sane-Society.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"231\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"346\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Verfasst von\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"...\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Gesch\u00e4tzte Lesezeit\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3\u00a0Minuten\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/de\/etyka-niezalezna-wedlug-ericha-fromma-michela-onfraya-5\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/de\/etyka-niezalezna-wedlug-ericha-fromma-michela-onfraya-5\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"...\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/#\/schema\/person\/75326687448d6abf738b156f56385210\"},\"headline\":\"Etyka niezale\u017cna wed\u0142ug Ericha Fromma i Michela Onfray\u2019a (5)\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-03-22T17:02:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/de\/etyka-niezalezna-wedlug-ericha-fromma-michela-onfraya-5\/\"},\"wordCount\":593,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/de\/etyka-niezalezna-wedlug-ericha-fromma-michela-onfraya-5\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/The-Sane-Society.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Ala Baster\",\"breaking\",\"Ericha Fromma\",\"etyka niezale\u017cna\",\"headline\",\"Michel Onfray\",\"rozumienie Boga\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Kultura\",\"Nauka\"],\"inLanguage\":\"de\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/de\/etyka-niezalezna-wedlug-ericha-fromma-michela-onfraya-5\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/de\/etyka-niezalezna-wedlug-ericha-fromma-michela-onfraya-5\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/siemysli-ke.info\/de\/etyka-niezalezna-wedlug-ericha-fromma-michela-onfraya-5\/\",\"name\":\"Etyka niezale\u017cna wed\u0142ug Ericha Fromma i Michela Onfray\u2019a (5) - 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